Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, misimboti yesainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji yakaramba ichishandiswa kudzora maitiro ekukura kwekristaro, uye kukura kwekristaro kwakatanga kushanduka kubva kuhunyanzvi kuenda kusainzi.Kunyanya kubva ku1950s, kugadzirwa kwesemiconductor zvinhu zvinomiririrwa nekamwe crystal silicon kwakakurudzira kuvandudzwa kwekristaro kukura dzidziso uye tekinoroji.Mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa kwakasiyana-siyana komboni semiconductors uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, optoelectronic materials, nonlinear optical materials, superconducting materials, ferroelectric materials, uye simbi imwe chete crystal zvinhu zvakakonzera kutevedzana kwematambudziko edzidziso.Uye zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kuomarara zvinodiwa zvinoiswa pamberi kune tekinoroji yekukura tekinoroji.Tsvakurudzo pamusoro pemusimboti uye tekinoroji yekukura kwekristaro yakawedzera kukosha uye yave bazi rakakosha resainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji.
Parizvino, kukura kwekristaro kwakagadzira zvishoma nezvishoma dzidziso dzesainzi, dzinoshandiswa kudzora maitiro ekukura kwekristaro.Nekudaro, iyi theoretical system haisati yakwana, uye kuchine zvakawanda zvemukati zvinoenderana neruzivo.Naizvozvo, kukura kwekristaro yekugadzira kunowanzo kutorwa semusanganiswa wehunyanzvi nesainzi.
Kugadzirira kwemakristasi akazara kunoda zvinotevera mamiriro:
1.Kupisa kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa kunofanira kudzorwa zvakafanana.Kuti udzivise kutonhora kwepanzvimbo kana kupisa, zvinokanganisa nucleation uye kukura kwemakristasi.
2. Iyo crystallization process inofanira kunonoka sezvinobvira kudzivirira kungoerekana kwaitika nucleation.Nekuti kana kamwe kamwe chete nucleation yaitika, akawanda akanaka masisitimu anoumbwa uye anotadzisa kristaro kukura.
3. Matanidza mwero wekutonhora nekristaro nucleation uye mwero wekukura.Makristasi anorimwa zvakafanana, hapana giredhi yekumisikidza mumakristasi, uye maumbirwo acho haabvi pachiyero chemakemikari.
Nzira dzekukura dzeCrystal dzinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvina zvichienderana nerudzi rwechikamu chevabereki vavo, chinoti kunyungudika kukura, kukura kwemhinduro, kukura kwechikamu chemhute uye kukura kwakasimba kwechikamu.Aya marudzi mana enzira dzekukura kwekristaro dzakashanduka kuita akawanda ehunyanzvi hwekukura kwekristaro nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekutonga.
Muzhinji, kana iyo nzira yese yekukura kwekristaro yakaora, inofanirwa kunge ichisanganisira zvinotevera matanho ekutanga: kupera kwe solute, kuumbwa kwekristaro kukura unit, kutakura kwekristaro kukura unit mukukura kwepakati, kukura kwekristaro Kufamba uye kusanganiswa kweiyo chinhu chiri pamusoro pekristaro uye shanduko yekristaro yekukura interface, kuitira kuti uone kukura kwekristaro.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-07-2022